The study of the elemental and amino acid composition  of Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. thalli batches harvested  in Ukraine

Alina O. Shpychak; Olga P. Khvorost

doi:10.24959/ophcj.22.262369

Authors

Alina O. Shpychak National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-7655
Olga P. Khvorost National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-1507

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24959/ophcj.22.262369

Keywords:

Cetraria islandica thalli, mineral composition, free and bound amino acids

Abstract

Aim. To study the elemental and amino acid composition of Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. thalli batches harvested in Ukraine.
Materials and methods. Seven batches of C. islandica thalli harvested in different regions of Ukraine in late summer/early fall 2019 were used for the study. The elemental composition of the raw material was studied by atomic absorption spectrometry with photographic registration. The component composition of free and bound amino acids in the raw material was determined by the HPLC method.
Results and discussion. The presence of at least 19 macro-, trace and ultra-trace elements was determined in 7 batches of the raw material. The predominance of the following elements was found: potassium 190 mg/100 g (batch 6) – 325 mg/100 g (batch 7); silicon 30 mg/100 g (batch 1) – 115 mg/100 g (batch 4); calcium 37 mg/100 g (batch 6) – 86 mg/100 g (batch 4). It was determined that the quantitative content of molybdenum and cobalt did not exceed 0.03 mg/100 g, the content of cadmium, astatine and mercury did not exceed 0.01 mg/100 g. The quantitative content of lead met the requirements of the monograph of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPhU) 2.0. The total ash content in the batches of the raw material ranged from 0.61 ± 0.02 % to 1.43 ± 0.05 %, meeting the requirements of the monograph of the SPhU 2.0. The presence of 7 amino acids was determined; 5 of them were nonessential (aspartic and glutamic acids, serine, arginine, and alanine) and 2 were essential (threonine and valine). The quantitative content of the total amount of free amino acids was 0.794 μg mg^-1, the total amount of bound ones was 3.276 μg mg^-1.
Conclusions. For the first time, the elemental composition of 7 batches of C. islandica thalli harvested in Ukraine was determined. In each batch, potassium was the predominant element (from 190 mg/100 g to 325 mg/100 g depending on the batch). The component composition of free and bound nonessential and essential amino acids was determined (the quantitative content of the total amount of free amino acids was 0.794 μg mg^-1, the total amount of bound ones was 3.276 μg mg^-1); alanine (0.289 μg mg^-1) was the dominant component among free amino acids, while arginine (0.993 μg mg^-1) prevailed among bound ones. The results obtained will be used for further studies of the raw material of C. islandica harvested in Ukraine.

Supporting Agency

The work is a part of the research of the National University of Pharmacy on the topic “The pharmacognostic study of the medicinal plant raw material and development of phytotherapeutic agents based on it” (the state registration No. 0114U000946).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Crawford, S. D. Lichens Used in Traditional Medicine. In Lichen Secondary Metabolites: Bioactive Properties and Pharmaceutical Potential; Ranković, B., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; pp 27-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13374-4_2.
Goga, M.; Elečko, J.; Marcinčinová, M.; Ručová, D.; Bačkorová, M.; Bačkor, M. Lichen Metabolites: An Overview of Some Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Potential. In Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites; Mérillon, J.-M.; Ramawat, K. G., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2020; pp 175-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_57.
Zhao, Y.; Wang, M.; Xu, B. A comprehensive review on secondary metabolites and health-promoting effects of edible lichen. Journal of Functional Foods 2021, 80, 104283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104283.
Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Derzhavnyi reiestr likarskykh zasobiv Ukrainy [State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, in Ukrainian]. http://www.drlz.com.ua/ibp/ddsite.nsf/all/shlist?opendocument (accessed May 2, 2022).
Kompendium – likarski preparaty [Compendium – medicines, in Ukrainian]. https://compendium.com.ua/ (accessed May 7, 2022).
Ranković, B.; Kosanić, M. Lichens as a Potential Source of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites. In Lichen Secondary Metabolites: Bioactive Properties and Pharmaceutical Potential; Ranković, B., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2019; pp 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16814-8_1.
McDonough, A. M.; Bird, A. W.; Luciani, M. A.; Todd, A. K. Establishing trace element concentrations for lichens and bryophytes in the ring of fire region of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Ontario, Canada. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2022, 194 (3), 226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09890-0.
Calcott, M. J.; Ackerley, D. F.; Knight, A.; Keyzers, R. A.; Owen, J. G. Secondary metabolism in the lichen symbiosis. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47 (5), 1730-1760. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00431A.
Skrebtsova, K. S.; Fedchenkova, Yu. A.; Khvorost, O. P. The elemental composition of leaves of promising species of decorative plants [in Ukrainian]. Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 2019, 12 (1), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2019.1.158955.
Derzhavna farmakopeia Ukrainy: v 3 tomakh, 2 vydannia [The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine: in 3 volumes, 2^nd ed., in Ukrainian]; State Enterprise “Ukrainian Scientific Pharmacopoeial Center for Quality of Medicines”: Kharkiv, 2014; Vol. 3.
Airaksinen, M. M.; Peura, P.; Antere, S. Toxicity of Iceland Lichen and Reindeer Lichen. Toxic Interfaces of Neurones, Smoke and Genes, Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology Meeting, Kuopio, June 16-19, 1985; Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg: Berlin, Heidelberg, 1986; pp 406-409.
Meli, M. A.; Desideri, D.; Cantaluppi, C.; Ceccotto, F.; Feduzi, L.; Roselli, C. Elemental and radiological characterization of commercial Cetraria islandica (L.) Acharius pharmaceutical and food supplementation products. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 613-614, 1566-1572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.320.
Vershinina, S. E.; Vershinin, K. E.; Kravchenko, O. Yu. Compositional analysis of plant material Cetraria laevigata Rassad. 1945, C. islandica (L.) Ach. 1803 (Parmeliaceae, Lichens) [in Russian]. Vestnik Irkutskoj gosudarstvennoj sel'skohozyajstvennoj akademii 2010, 41, 13-21.
Kayzer, A. A.; Kayzer, G. A.; Korniyenko, I. P.; Yevdokimova, M. O. Biochemical Composition and Food and Drug-Value of lichen (Cetraria islandica) Growing of Taymyr [in Russian]. Agrarnye problemy Gornogo Altaya i sopredel'nyh regionov, Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, posvyashchennoj 90-letiyu Gorno-Altajskogo NII sel'skogo hozyajstva i 100-letiyu Ministerstva sel'skogo hozyajstva Respubliki Altaj, Barnaul, 2020; 53-63.
Vladymyrova, I.; Georgiyants, V.; Savelieva, E. Pharmacotherapeutic action analysis of mineral substances of medicinal plants, which are used in thyroid gland diseases. Bulletin of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2019, 1, 6-13. https://doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-1467.1.
Giordani, P.; Minganti, V.; Brignole, D.; Malaspina, P.; Cornara, L.; Drava, G. Is there a risk of trace element contamination in herbal preparations? A test study on the lichen Cetraria islandica. Chemosphere 2017, 181, 778-785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.140.
Tabalenkova, G. N.; Dalke, I. V.; Zakhozhiy, I. G. Amino acids composition of some lichen species in taiga zone of European north-east of Russia [in Russian]. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk 2017, 19 (2(3)), 556-560.
Grujic-Injac, B.; Kolarski, D.; Stefanovic, D. K. The chemical investigation of the proteins from oak (Everni prunastri) and the islandic (Cetraria islandica) lichens. Bull. Acad. Serbe Sci. Arts 1976, 54 (14), 9-12.
Derzhavna farmakopeia Ukrainy: v 3 tomakh, 2 vydannia [The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine: in 3 volumes, 2^nd ed., in Ukrainian]; State Enterprise “Ukrainian Scientific Pharmacopoeial Center for Quality of Medicines”: Kharkiv, 2015; Vol. 1.
Imbrea, I. M.; Radulov, I.; Nicolin, A. L.; Imbrea, F. Analysis of Macroelements Content of some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Romanian Biotechnological Letters 2016, 21 (4).
Jámbor, A.; Molnár-Perl, I. Quantitation of amino acids in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography: Simultaneous deproteinization and derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride. J. Chromatogr. A 2009, 1216 (34), 6218-6223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.083.
Jámbor, A.; Molnár-Perl, I. Amino acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride: Literature overview and further study. J. Chromatogr. A 2009, 1216 (15), 3064-3077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.068.